In the questions given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option:
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Asertion (A).
b. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
c. Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
d. Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
1. Assertion: Geological processes of mineral formation are slow.
Reason: Mineral resources are consumed very quickly than they are formed.
Answer:
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
Minerals take millions of years to form, but humans consume them rapidly, making them exhaustible resources.
2. Assertion: Minerals have a wide range of colours, hardness, crystal forms and lustre.
Reason: Minerals are formed under different physical and chemical conditions.
Answer:
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
Different environmental conditions during formation give minerals varied properties.
3. Assertion: India is fortunate to have fairly rich and varied mineral resources.
Reason: These variations exist largely because of the differences in the geological structure, processes and time involved in the formation of minerals.
Answer:
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
India’s diverse geological formations have resulted in rich and varied mineral deposits.
4. Assertion: Iron ore is the basic mineral and backbone of India.
Reason: India is rich in good quality iron ore.
Answer:
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
Iron ore is essential for industrial development and India has abundant reserves of high-quality iron ore.
5. Assertion: Consumption of energy in all forms has been declining all over the country.
Reason: Implementation of economic development plans necessarily require increasing amounts of energy to remain operational.
Answer:
d. Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is true.
Explanation:
Energy consumption is increasing due to industrialization and economic development.
6. Assertion: The energy resources need to be conserved.
Reason: The energy resources are being rapidly depleted.
Answer:
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
Most conventional energy resources are limited and are getting exhausted quickly.
7. Assertion: Promotion of energy conservation and increased use of renewable energy sources are the twin planks of sustainable energy.
Reason: Energy is a basic requirement for economic development.
Answer:
b. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
Sustainable energy focuses on conservation and renewables, while the reason only states the importance of energy.
8. Assertion: Natural gas is considered an environment friendly fuel.
Reason: Natural gas is a clean source of energy and has low carbon emission.
Answer:
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
Natural gas produces less pollution and lower carbon emissions compared to other fossil fuels.
9. Assertion: Petroleum is the second highest energy source used in India after coal.
Reason: Natural occurrence of petroleum in India is associated with anticlines and fault traps of tertiary rocks.
Answer:
b. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
The reason explains the geological occurrence of petroleum, not its level of use in India.
10. Assertion: Solar energy has a bright future in India.
Reason: It is easy to establish solar plants in urban and rural areas.
Answer:
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
India receives abundant sunlight, making solar energy suitable for widespread use.
11. Assertion: Uses of iron brought a radical change in human life.
Reason: Different kinds of tools were invented by using minerals.
Answer:
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
Iron tools improved agriculture, transport and industries, bringing major changes in society.
12. Assertion: Mining activity is often called a “Killer Industry”.
Reason: Mining helps in agriculture.
Answer:
c. Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
Explanation:
Mining causes environmental degradation and health hazards, which is why it is called a killer industry.
13. Assertion: Iron ore is the basic mineral and the backbone of India.
Reason: India is rich in good quality iron ore.
Answer:
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
Iron ore is essential for steel industries and industrial development.
14. Assertion: Mica is a metallic mineral.
Reason: Mica mineral is the basic raw material for cement industry.
Answer:
d. Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is false.
Explanation:
Mica is a non-metallic mineral and limestone, not mica, is the main raw material for cement.
15. Assertion: Minerals are an indispensable part of our lives.
Reason: Minerals have universal use and are used to manufacture everything we use in our day-to-day lives.
Answer:
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
Minerals are required in industries, construction, transport and daily-use products.
16. Assertion: Thermal power stations are located on or near the coalfields.
Reason: Coal is a bulky material which loses weight on use as it is reduced to ash. Hence, heavy industries and thermal power stations are located on or near the coalfields.
Answer:
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
Locating thermal plants near coalfields reduces transportation costs.
17. Assertion: Natural gas is referred to as an environment friendly fuel.
Reason: Natural gas contains low carbon dioxide emissions.
Answer:
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
Natural gas burns cleanly and emits less carbon dioxide than coal or petroleum.
18. Assertion: Increased use of fossil fuels creates a healthy environment.
Reason: Fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas are easily obtained from natural resources.
Answer:
d. Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is true.
Explanation:
Fossil fuels cause pollution and environmental degradation despite being commonly available resources.
19. Assertion: Conservation of Energy Resources is essential.
Reason: Energy is a basic requirement for economic development.
Answer:
b. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
Energy conservation is necessary because energy resources are limited and rapidly depleting.