In the questions given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option:
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Asertion (A).
b. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
c. Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
d. Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
1. Assertion: Transport and communication are called lifelines of our economy.
Reason: Transport and communication do not help in easy movement of goods and materials between countries.
Answer:
c. Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
Explanation:
Transport and communication help in the movement of goods, services and people, which is why they are called lifelines of the economy.
2. Assertion: Road transportation in India faces a number of problems.
Reason: Roads are unmetalled and their network is inadequate.
Answer:
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
Many roads in rural and remote areas are still unmetalled and road connectivity is insufficient in several regions.
3. Assertion: Metalled roads are better than unmetalled roads.
Reason: Metalled roads are made of cement, concrete or bitumen and are more durable, while unmetalled roads become unusable during rainy season.
Answer:
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
Metalled roads are durable and usable in all weather conditions unlike unmetalled roads.
4. Assertion: Railways are the most important mode of transport in India.
Reason: Railways make it possible to conduct business, sightseeing, pilgrimage and goods transportation over long distances.
Answer:
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
Railways connect different parts of the country and support passenger as well as freight transport efficiently.
5. Assertion: The distribution pattern of the railway network in the country has been largely influenced by physiographic, economic and administrative factors.
Reason: The railways have become more important in our national economy than all other means of transport put together.
Answer:
b. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
Railway distribution depends on terrain, population and economic development, while the reason only states their importance.
6. Assertion: Communication is an essential requirement of human life.
Reason: Communication between people does not create awareness.
Answer:
c. Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
Explanation:
Communication spreads information and awareness among people.
7. Assertion: Waterways are the cheapest means of transport.
Reason: It is a fuel-efficient and environment-friendly mode of transport.
Answer:
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
Water transport requires less fuel and is economical for carrying bulky goods.
8. Assertion: Trade is considered as the economic barometer of the country.
Reason: Trading helps in developing countries like India and advancement of trade is an index of economic prosperity.
Answer:
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
Growth in trade reflects economic progress and prosperity of a nation.
9. Assertion: International trade has undergone a sea of changes in the last decades.
Reason: Exchange of commodities and goods has been superseded by the exchange of information and knowledge.
Answer:
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
Modern international trade increasingly includes technology, services and information exchange.
10. Assertion: Cost of laying pipelines is less but subsequent running costs are maximum.
Reason: Pipelines do not facilitate easy transportation of goods.
Answer:
d. Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is false.
Explanation:
Pipeline construction is expensive initially, but maintenance and transport costs are low. Pipelines efficiently transport liquids and gases.
11. Assertion: Transport and communications are called lifelines of our economy.
Reason: Transport and communications do not help in easy movement of goods and materials between countries.
Answer:
c. Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
Explanation:
Transport and communication systems are essential for national and international connectivity.
12. Assertion: Tourism promotes national integration.
Reason: Millions of people are directly engaged in tourism industry.
Answer:
b. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
Tourism promotes cultural exchange and unity, while the reason only highlights employment generation.
13. Assertion: Mass communication promotes national integration and provides entertainment.
Reason: It strengthens democracy by providing news to the masses and develops a feeling of nationalism among people.
Answer:
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
Mass communication spreads information, creates awareness and strengthens unity among citizens.