In the questions given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option:
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Asertion (A).
b. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
c. Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
d. Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
1. Assertion: When Manchester industrialists began selling cloth in India, they put labels on the cloth bundles.
Reason: The label was a mark of quality. When buyers saw ‘MADE IN MANCHESTER’ written in bold on the label, they were expected to feel confident about buying the cloth.
Answer:
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
Manchester manufacturers used labels to create trust and promote their cloth as high-quality products in Indian markets.
2. Assertion: The first symbol of the new era was cotton.
Reason: In Victorian Britain, the industrialists did not want to introduce machines that got rid of human labour and required large capital investment.
Answer:
b. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
Cotton became the first symbol of industrialisation due to the rapid growth of the cotton textile industry. The hesitation of industrialists to adopt machines does not explain why cotton became the symbol.
3. Assertion: The consolidation of East India Company power after the 1760s did not initially lead to a decline in textile exports from India.
Reason: British cotton industries had not yet expanded and Indian fine textiles were in great demand in Europe.
Answer:
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
Indian textiles continued to be exported because British industries were still developing and Indian cotton fabrics remained highly popular in European markets.
4. Assertion: The cotton weavers of India flourished with the Manchester imports.
Reason: With the American Civil War, the cotton supplies from US to Britain increased.
Answer:
d. Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is false.
Explanation:
Indian weavers suffered because cheap Manchester cloth flooded Indian markets. During the American Civil War, cotton supplies from the US to Britain actually decreased.
5. Assertion: In most industrial regions, workers came from the districts around.
Reason: Peasants and artisans who found no work in the village went to the industrial centres in search of work.
Answer:
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
Industrial workers often migrated from nearby villages because peasants and artisans lacked employment opportunities in rural areas.
6. Assertion: From 1906, the export of Indian yarn to China declined.
Reason: After the First World War, Manchester could never recapture its old position in the Indian market.
Answer:
b. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
Indian yarn exports declined because Chinese and Japanese mills became more competitive. Manchester’s decline in India after World War I is a separate issue.
7. Assertion: In the twentieth century, handloom cloth production expanded steadily.
Reason: This was partly because of technological changes.
Answer:
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
Technological improvements such as the fly shuttle increased productivity and helped handloom production expand steadily.
8. Assertion: Like the images of gods and goddesses, figures of important personages like emperors and nawabs adorned advertisements and calendars.
Reason: This was done to show the pomp and glory of the nation.
Answer:
b. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
Advertisements used images of rulers and deities to attract customers and create trust in products. The purpose was commercial promotion rather than showing national glory.