In the questions given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option:
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Asertion (A).
b. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
c. Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
d. Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
1. Assertion (A): Resources are vital for human survival as well as for maintaining the quality of life.
Reason (R): It was believed that resources are free gifts of nature.
Answer:
b. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
Resources are essential for life and development. Earlier people believed resources were free gifts of nature, but this does not explain their importance.
2. Assertion (A): Resource planning is not an easy process in India.
Reason (R): Resource planning involves planning structure, identification and inventory of resources across the regions.
Answer:
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
Resource planning is complex because it requires surveying, identifying and managing resources across different regions.
3. Assertion (A): Land is a natural resource supporting natural vegetation, wildlife, economic activities, transport and communication systems.
Reason (R): It is important to use the available land for various purposes with careful planning.
Answer:
b. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
Land supports many human and natural activities. Careful planning is necessary for land use, but it does not directly explain the assertion.
4. Assertion (A): Processes of soil formation and erosion go simultaneously and create a balance between the two.
Reason (R): The denudation of the soil cover and subsequent washing down is soil erosion.
Answer:
b. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
Soil formation and erosion occur together in nature. The reason only defines soil erosion and does not explain the balance between the two processes.
5. Assertion (A): Black soil is considered ideal for growing cotton.
Reason (R): Black soil is rich in soil nutrients such as calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash and lime.
Answer:
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
Black soil retains moisture and contains nutrients that make it highly suitable for cotton cultivation.
6. Assertion (A): Arid soil is unsuitable for cultivation.
Reason (R): Arid soil is generally sandy in texture and saline in nature. It restricts the filtration of water.
Answer:
c. Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
Explanation:
Arid soil is sandy and saline, making cultivation difficult. However, sandy soils do not restrict water filtration; water passes quickly through them.
7. Assertion (A): Controlling of mining activities doesn’t control land degradation.
Reason (R): In states like Gujarat, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh, deforestation has occurred due to mining.
Answer:
d. Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
Explanation:
Controlling mining activities helps reduce land degradation. Mining has caused deforestation in many states.
8. Assertion (A): Terrace cultivation does not restrict erosion.
Reason (R): Running water cuts through the clayey soils and makes deep channels as gullies which makes cultivation of crops impossible in those lands.
Answer:
d. Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
Explanation:
Terrace cultivation helps control soil erosion on slopes. Gullies formed by running water make cultivation difficult.
9. Assertion (A): Alluvial soil is ideal for growth of paddy, wheat, cereal and pulse crops.
Reason (R): Alluvial soil is well-known for its capacity to hold moisture.
Answer:
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
Alluvial soil is fertile and retains moisture, making it suitable for many crops.
10. Assertion (A): The availability of resources is not the only necessary condition for the development of any region.
Reason (R): Not only availability of resources but also corresponding change in technology is necessary for development of any region.
Answer:
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
Development depends on both the availability of resources and technological advancement.
11. Assertion (A): Resources are free gifts of nature.
Reason (R): Resources like soil, air and water are easily available in nature.
Answer:
c. Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
Explanation:
Resources are not simply free gifts of nature because human effort and technology are needed to make them useful.
12. Assertion (A): Land is a natural resource of utmost importance.
Reason (R): Land can be used for various purposes.
Answer:
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
Land is extremely important because it supports agriculture, industries, transport and settlements.
13. Assertion (A): Resource planning is an easy process in India.
Reason (R): Resource planning involves planning structure, identification and inventory of resources across the regions.
Answer:
d. Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
Explanation:
Resource planning is difficult because it involves extensive surveys and coordination across regions.
14. Assertion (A): Soil is the most important renewable natural resource.
Reason (R): Soil supports different types of living organisms on earth.
Answer:
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
Soil is renewable and essential because it supports plant growth and many living organisms.
15. Assertion (A): Controlling on mining activities doesn’t control land degradation.
Reason (R): In states like Gujarat, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh, deforestation has occurred due to overgrazing, not mining.
Answer:
d. Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is false.
Explanation:
Controlling mining helps reduce land degradation. In many states, mining itself has caused deforestation.